( 1. 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司，山东青岛266031；
2. 西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点试验室，成都10031 )
摘要：针对某地铁车内噪声超标问题，从车辆、轮轨两个方面展开研究，利用Brüel & Kjær 测试系统分析车辆的牵引、空调系统，车辆结构，轮轨粗糙度等因素对车内噪声的影响特性。研究表明，牵引、空调系统对运行车辆车内噪声影响较小。车内噪声的显著频带为400 Hz～800 Hz、1 105 Hz，与车轮非圆没有直接关系；1 105 Hz与钢轨打磨后磨痕有关。车内噪声主要与以下两个因素有关：一是透射噪声，车辆内移门存在漏风问题，车外噪声传入车内；二是结构传声，轮轨或轨道以上频段的振动激励经过轴箱-构架-车体传递，进而激励车内内装等结构振动产生辐射噪声。此研究对地铁车辆降噪有一定的参考价值。
Analysis of the Excessive Interior Noise in a Metro Coach
XU Xiao-tang 1, JIN Xue-song 2
（ 1. CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co. Ltd.,Qingdao 266031, Shandong China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China )
Abstract : The excessive interior noise in a Metro coach is studied in the aspects of vehicles and wheel-rail system by field tests. The influences of the traction system, the air conditioning, wheel-rail roughness and the vehicle structure on the vehicle interior noise are analyzed with the Brüel & Kjær test system. The results show that the traction system and the air conditioning only have slight influence on the interior overall sound pressure levels, whose resonance frequency bands are 400 Hz-800 Hz and 1 105 Hz, which have no direct relationship with the out-of-round of wheels, while the 1 105 Hz has some relation to the rail grinding scrapes. Excessive interior noise is caused mainly by the following two factors: one is the transmission noise caused by the air leakage of the door, and the other is the structure-borne noise due to the excitation of the vibration transferred from the wheel-rail through the axle box and the framework and finally into the coach. This excitation results in the vibrations of the interior appurtenances that generate the acoustic radiation. The research results have some reference value for the interior noise reduction of the metro coaches.
Key words : acoustics; interior noise; transfer path; metro; vibration; acoustic radiation
发表于 2017-11-15 14:19
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